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Tsepon Wangchuk Deden Shakabpa (Tibetan romanisation: ''tsi dpon dbang phyug bde ldan zhwa sgab pa'', January 11, 1907 – February 23, 1989) was a Tibetan nobleman, scholar and former Finance Minister of the government of Tibet.〔(A Saint in Seattle The Life of the Tibetan Mystic Dezhung Rinpoche )〕 == Biography == M. Shakabpa, was born in Tibet. His father, Tashi Phuntsok Shakabpa, was the steward of Lhasa. His uncle Trimon Norbu Wangyal, served as a Minister in the Cabinet of the 13th Dalai Lama. Shakabpa joined the Government at the age of 23, in 1930, as an official of the Treasury, and was appointed Minister of Finance in 1939, a position he held until 1950. His uncle, who had participated in the tripartite negotiations between Great Britain, China and Tibet in 1914, strongly encouraged him to take up an interest in Tibetan history, handing him in 1931 many documents he had personally collected from the Simla Accord negotiations,〔Shakabpa, ''One Hundred Thousand Moons,'' BRILL, Vol.1, 2010 edited and translated by Derek F. Maher, Vol.1,p.xxxix〕 in order to counter the Chinese narrative accounts concerning his country.〔W. D. Shakabpa, ''One hundred thousand moons,'' p.xi.〕 Between late 1947 and early 1949, Shakabpa, in his capacity as Tibet's Finance Minister, was despatched abroad by the Tibetan Cabinet, or ''Kashag,'' as head of a Tibetan Trade Mission, a delegation that travelled around to world to investigate the possibilities of commercial treaties, particularly with the United States. He travelled to India, China, USA, England, France, Switzerland and Italy. The mission was intended also to strengthen claims for Tibet as an independent, sovereign nation.〔(SHAKABPA'S PASSPORT FOUND )〕〔Derek Maher, ibid. p.xii.〕 The Tibetan Government in Exile argues that the official passport he was issued with at the time illustrates that Tibet was an independent country. As Chinese forces spilled over into Amdo and Kham, Shakabpa and Tsechak Khenchung Tupten Gyelpo were appointed to serve as chief negotiators with the Chinese. The mission was aborted when the Tibetan cabinet minister in eastern Tibet, Ngapöpa Ngawang Jikmé, apparently arranged an agreement with the Chinese. When the PRC entered Tibet in 1951, Shakabpa decided to go into exile, moving to India where, from 1959 until 1966, he was the principal representative of the 14th Dalai Lama in New Delhi. It was from this time on that Shakabpa began to concentrate on a thorough study of Tibetan history.〔Derek Maher, ibid. p.xiv.〕 As events in Tibet deteriorated in the mid-fifties, he began to organise the Tibetan resistance together with the Dalai Lama's two older brothers, Gyalo Döndrup and the Taktser Rinpoche Thubten Jigme Norbu.〔Maher, ibid. p.xiv.〕 After China's violent suppression of Tibetan demonstrations, and the flight into exile of the Dalai Lama and 80,000 Tibetans into exile, Shakabpa played a key role in developing the infrastructure for assisting the new diaspora in India. His major work, ''Tibet: A Political history,'' published by Yale University Press in 1967, has been judged 'the most thorough explication in a western language of a Tibetan's view of their history' down to recent times,〔Maher, ibid p.xv.〕 His perspective views the historical relationship between China and Tibet as flowing from the model of preceptor and patron(''mchod gnas dang yon bdag'') established by Genghis Khan, whereby 'the lama serv(ed) as the spiritual guide and preceptor of the khan, while the khan played the role of the protector and patron of the khan,'〔Shakabpa, ibid. p.xli., ch.4 pp.199ff.〕 and that Tibet was 'forcibly incorporated into China under the threat of military destruction only in 1951'. This book, and in his more definitive account in Tibetan, published in 1976, have been subjected to thorough academic critique by Chinese Tibetologists.〔Maher, ibid.pp.xvii,xix.〕〔Wáng Guì (王贵/王貴), Xǐráonímǎ (喜饶尼玛/喜饒尼瑪), Táng jiāwèi (唐家卫/唐家衛), ‘Shakabpa’s ''Political History'' and the Real History of Tibet,’ (''Xiàgébā de 《Xīzàng zhèngzhì shǐ》yǔ xīzànglìshǐ de běnlái miànmù,'' (夏格巴的《西藏政治史》与西藏历史的本来面目), Minzu chubanshe, Beijing 1996.(Tibetan translation: Gui Wang, Xiraonima, Jiawei Tang, ''Bod rang skyong ljongs “Bod kyi srid don rgyal rabs.” Blta bsdur mchan ’god tshogs chung,Zhwa sgab pa’i bod kyi srid don rgyal rabs dang bod kyi lo rgyus dngos,'' Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, Lhasa,1996.) An English version is available in Wang Jiawei & Nyima Gyaincain, ''The Historical Status of China's Tibet,'' China Intercontinental Press, 1997. This critique has in turn been reviewed by Derek F. Maher, 'An Examination of a Critical Appraisel of Tsepon Shakabpa's ''One Hundred Thousand Moons'',' in Gray Tuttle (ed.) ''The Rise of the Modern in Tibet,'' Beiträge zur Zentralasienforschung, International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH; Sankt Augustia, 2009.〕 Shakabpa lived in New Delhi, Kalimpong and Manhattan. He died of stomach cancer, at the age of 82, in 1989 in the house of one of his sons in Corpus Christi, Texas. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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